Straight line backing a tractor-trailer: 4 steps to follow

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

For truck drivers, one of the most essential skills to learn is straight line backing. It’s a maneuver that drivers often use and mastering it is key to building confidence.

At Schneider, we have a reputation for high-quality training and a commitment to safety. That’s why essential skills like these are taught in our paid CDL training and new driver orientation.

Below, we’ve created a breakdown that will walk you through what straight line backing is and how to do it effectively.

What is straight line backing?

Straight line backing refers to reversing your tractor-trailer in a straight line without the trailer drifting to one side. While it may seem simple, it can be tricky due to the size and length of the truck and trailer.

Straight line backing is an important skill for all truck drivers to have, as it’s used often during daily operations, including at:

• Truck stops.
• Rest areas.
• Loading docks.
• Customer locations.

Straight line backing tutorial with an expert

See for yourself how to straight back a semi-truck with the help of Schneider Driver Ambassador, Kevin Kocher.

How to straight back a tractor-trailer

Straight line backing is all about maintaining control as you reverse and making sure the tractor and trailer are aligned. During this maneuver, even a minor misalignment can result in the rear of the trailer going off track.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you practice and perfect the technique:

1. Set up your back.

Start by positioning your truck and trailer in a straight line. Ensure both the truck and the trailer are perfectly aligned, and there are no obstacles or obstructions in your path.

If you're not aligned correctly from the start, it will be difficult to correct while backing.

2. Start your back.

When you’re ready to start backing:

• Turn on your four-way flashers.
• Sound your horn to alert anyone around you.
• Put the vehicle in reverse and begin backing at idle speed.

Maintaining a slow and steady pace gives you time to adjust if needed.

3. Scan your surroundings.

During your back, use your mirrors to continuously check both sides of the trailer and make sure it stays straight. Do this by:

• Using your driver’s side mirror to aim.
• Using your passenger’s side mirror to scan for potential drift.

Your mirrors will tell you if your trailer starts going off-course, giving you time to react before it becomes a problem.

4. Steer into your space.

If the trailer starts to drift, make small corrections with the steering wheel. You should adjust immediately, but do not oversteer. Oversteering can lead to bigger corrections or having to start again.

If you catch the drift right away, make small adjustments like:

• Doing only a quarter or half turn of the wheel to avoid oversteering.
• Holding your new position for a few seconds until the trailer straightens.
• Straightening the wheel again.

To correct a drift, you need to turn TOWARD the trouble. If you see your trailer getting bigger in one of your mirrors, you need to move the steering wheel in that direction. This will force the trailer to move in the opposite direction. For example:

• If you see your trailer getting larger in the right mirror, turn the steering wheel to the right.
• If the trailer drifts left in the left mirror, turn the steering wheel to the left.

Finally, if you’re drifting too far, pull up and start over. Remember to get out and look if necessary.

Extra tips for straight backing a tractor-trailer

When it comes to mastering your backing technique, practice makes perfect. With decades of experience in the industry, Schneider has trained countless professional driver how to properly straight line back. 

Here are a few of our tips to keep in mind:

• Avoid overcorrecting: One of the most common errors is making large and unnecessary wheel movements. Keep your steering adjustments minimal and gradual to give yourself more time to adjust.
• Take your time: You may feel rushed in the moment, but don’t be afraid to take your time. Make sure you focus on using both of your mirrors, readjusting your angle and pulling up if necessary.
• Maintain idle speed: Moving slowly allows you to be as exact as possible when backing and gives you more time to make necessary adjustments.
• Stay patient: Mastering straight line backing takes time and patience, so don't get frustrated if it doesn’t feel natural at first.

Please note that the backing tips and videos above are just examples. It is important to remember the type of driver you are, the company you work for and the type of truck you drive can impact how you back up a tractor-trailer. Be sure to consult your company guidelines or speak with your leader for more information about backing a semi-truck.